Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter

Analysis Of The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Nathanial Hawthorne made it quite evident that Pearl was a very symbolic character. As we know, following Hesters act of adultery, she became pregnant with Pearl and we get the sense that there is something strange and unnatural about her when fist introduced. This is relevant to her symbolism and the many attributes that she represents. Throughout the novel, her symbolism ranges from being equated to evil, sin, and innocence. Furthermore, it is also possible that her name in itself is used to symbolize different elements like a pearl; a treasure much like Pearl becomes for Hester. In many ways, it seems that Pearl symbolizes evil and the actual letter which is also is a representation of evil; she represented Gods punishment by her mocking and nagging of Hester. The symbolic quality of the letter is transferred to Pearl in which reinforces the idea that the symbol combines the reference to an abstract idea with a material existence. (Carrez) Although Hester loves Pearl, Pearl is a curse, the living personification of the scarlet letter, and is as much of a tormenting entity as the symbol upon her breast which also represents evil and sin in the novel. Due to Hesters and Dimmesdales sins, their result is Pearl who serves as a constant reminder to Hester of her sin. This is made evident in one instance where Hester removes the letter in the forest and Pearl throws a tantrum and refuses to listen to her because Pearl is not comfortable with the fact that the scarlet letter wasnt there. Furthermore, in many cases Hawthorne deliberately emphasizes her symbolism of the Scarlet A to the reader. While Hester dresses in a dull fashion, she uses her talents as a skilled seamstress and designs and sews intricate, beautiful clothing for Pearl; almost as intricate as the scarlet A Hester bears on her chest. Because of this, both the scarlet A on her breast and at her child will receive much attention from the townspeople. One example of this is noted in a passage where Pearl and Hester go to the Governors house and Pearl is dressed in a scarlet dress with gold edging resembling the A on Hester. In essence, Pearl really was the scarlet letter because if she wasnt born, Hester would have never been found guilty of adultery, and thus never would have had to wear the scarlet letter. Although Pearl had been mischievous and not very caring and often symbolized evil and sin; when her father, Arthur, finally admits he is Pearls father and is dying, Pearl changes. This breaks her free from being associated to the immoral symbolism. Pearl symbolically being equated to the scarlet letter is not the only symbolic meaning that she has; she is also the symbol of innocence. Pearl was often treated with disdain for no reason; meanwhile her only crime was her birth and existence. Furthermore, the children in The Scarlet Letter have a cruel nature; they know the significance of the scarlet letter, but in many cases, do not fully identify what its associated with. The children observe that the adults treat Hester with disdain and with attempts to imitate the adults; they sometimes harass and tease Pearl which further emphasizes her innocence and how she is sometimes a victim because of it. Also, Pearl has a strange attachment to the scarlet letter. When she was a baby, she would reach out to her mothers breast and try to grab the letter. She seems to instinctively realize that it has great significance, but when she confronts Hester about it because of her innocent curiosity, her mother lies to her, telling Pearl that sh e wears it because of its beautiful gold thread. Along with the idea of being the symbol of innocence; her name represents a treasure and great worth. Through Pearl being brought to life, is cost Hester a great deal; it was the price of her mothers public condemnation, but regardless of what it cost Hester, Pearl was also of great worth much like a real pearl. Consider an actual pear. For a pearl to develop, it starts as a piece of sand, which is grainy and rough; similar to how hard and rough it was for Hester to originally cope with the burden of the scarlet letter which is in essence Pearl. Then, after time that sand gets coated and becomes a pearl; a treasure much like Pearl becomes for Hester. This is also suggested in the text of the novel where Hawthorne writes, but she named the infant Pearl, as being of great price,purchased with all she had,her mothers only treasure! (Hawthorne 61) In addition it is important to consider that the idea of a pearl having a vivid beauty to it and would not belong in Puritan society because it would contrast with societys strict and rigid ideals. Pearl nonetheless stands out as beautiful and charming (like a pearl) in a society consisting of a populace of stern and dull people. She also gave Hester reason to live and press on with her life despite the hard times because regardless of what it cost Hester, she is at the same time Hesters source of happiness. In the same way that her mother Hester was different from Puritan society, her child also was not a normal Puritan. Pearl is different, but its her difference that gives her great worth and beauty; she is her mothers only treasure and companion. The ambiguity of the symbolism of Pearl within Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter is extremely evident for all of his readers. Hawthorne gives the reader a chance to consider their own opinion on what Pearl really stands for. His ambiguity shows the true complexity to Pearl and each of her symbolic meanings. This is clear in how many symbolic meanings Pearl had. In the novel, Pearl is an excellent example of childish innocence and treasure, evil and sin, and morality. Her willpower and imagination make her a blessing and a curse to her mother, who has paid such a great price for her child. Hawthornes ambiguity shows the true complexity of Pearl and each of her symbolic meanings that were covered and arrange it all quite brilliantly because Hawthorne incorporated the aftermaths of Hester and Dimmesdales sins into one innocent character, Pearl. Carrez, Dr. Stephanie. Symbol and Interpretation in Hawthornes Scarlet Letter. n.p. n.d. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc. 2005

Bedouins

The term ‘Bedu'in the Arabic language refers to one who lives out in the open, in the desert. The Arabic word ‘Badawiyin'is a generic name for a desert-dweller and the English word ‘Bedouin’ is the derived from this. In ancient times, most people settled near rivers but the Bedouin people  preferred to live in the open desert. Bedouins mainly live in the Arabian and Syrian deserts, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt and the Sahara Desert of North Africa.There are Bedouin communities in many countries, including Egypt, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and Iraq in the Middle East and Morocco, Sudan, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya in North Africa. Altogether, the Bedouin population numbers about 4 million. The Bedouins are seen as Arab culture’s purest representatives and the Bedouins continue to be hailed by other Arabs as â€Å"ideal† Arabs, especially because of their rich oral poetic tradition, their herding lifestyle and their traditional co de of honour.The Egyptians refer to the Bedouins as ‘Arab', but Bedouins are distinct from other Arab’s because of their extensive kinship networks, which provide them with community support and the basic necessities for survival. Such networks have traditionally served to ensure safety of families and to protect their property. The term ‘A'raab' has been synonymous with the  term ‘nomad' since the beginning of Islam. The Bedouins are recognized by their (nomadic) lifestyles, special language, social structures and culture. Only few Bedouins live as their forefathers did in camel- and goat hair tents, raising livestock, hunting and raiding.Their numbers are decreasing and nowadays there are approx. only 5% of Bedouins still live as pastoral nomads in all of the Middle East. Some Bedouins of Sinai are still half-nomads. Bedouins have different facial features by which they can be distinguished from other Egyptians and also they generally dress differently. The Bedouin men wear long ‘djellabaya' and a ‘smagg' (red white draped headcover) or ‘aymemma' (white headcover) or a white small headdress, sometimes held in place by an ‘agall' (a black cord).The Bedouin women usually wear brightly coloured long dresses but when they go outside they dress in an ‘abaya' (a thin, long black coat sometimes covered with shiny embroidery) and they will always cover their head and hair when they leave their house  with a  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœtarha' (a black, thin  shawl). Traditionally a woman's face was hidden behind a highly decorated ‘burqa'ah' but this is now only seen with the older generations. The younger generations cover their face simply with their ‘tarha' (shawl).The Bedouins have a rich culture and their own Arabic ‘Bedawi’ language, which has different dialects depending on the area where they live. In former days they emphasised on the strong belief in its tribal superiority, in return to the tribal security – the support to survive in a hostile environment. ‘The Bedouin' is aristocratic and they tend to perceive the Arabian nation as the noblest of all nations, purity of blood, way of life and above all noble ancestry. They often trace their lineage back to the times of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and beyond.The first converts to Islam came from the Bedouin tribes and therefore (Sunni) Islam is embedded and deeply rooted in the Bedouin culture. Prayer is an integral part of Bedouin life. As there are no formal mosques in the desert, they pray were they are, facing the Ka’aba in Mecca and performing the ritual washing, preferably with water but if not available they ‘wash’ with sand instead. ‘The Bedouin' is generally open-minded and interested in what is going on in his close and far surroundings since this kind of knowledge has always been a vital tool of survival.At the same time, the Bedouins are quite suspicious and alert keep ing a low profile about their personal background. Modern Arab states have a strong tendency to regulate their Nomadic lifestyle and modern society has made the traditional Bedouin lifestyle less attractive, since it is demanding and often dangerous, so many Bedouins have settled in urban areas and continue to do so. The Bedouin people are faced with challenges in their lifestyle, as their traditional Islamic, tribal culture has begun to mix with western practices.Men are more likely to adjust and interact with the modern cultures, but women are bound by honour and tradition to stay within the family dwelling and therefore lack opportunity for advancement. Today unemployment amongst Bedouin people is very high. Only few obtain a high school degree and even fewer graduate from college. However, for most people the word Bedouin still conjures up a much richer and more mysterious and romantic  image.. THE ORGANIZATION OF BEDOUINS SOCIETY Until today the ‘clan organization' is t he basis of the Bedouin society.Every ‘Bayt' (tent) represents a family and the connected families form a clan (‘Aela'). All  members of the same clan consider each other as of one blood (‘Dam') and the spirit of the clan demands unconditional loyalty to fellow clansmen. A number of kindred clans form a tribe (‘Qabilah') with its own land. The clan is represented by an elder or the eldest, choosen by its members, who is powerful but has no absolute authority. In major affairs he must consult with the tribal leader: The ‘Shaykh'.In most of the Bedouin tribes, the leaders (Shaykhs) are picked for their wisdom and judgment. In others, such as the Allegat and the small Hamada tribe, leadership passes from father to eldest son. You could say, that the Bedouin is a born democrat who meets his ‘Shaykh' with respect but on equal base†¦ The ‘Quabilah'  is a union of extended families  and is the major family unit. It is a kinship structure of several generations that encompasses a wide network of blood relations descended through the male line.In the past, the ‘Quabilah'  provided its members with economic security and protection (land, labour and water are tribal property), but today with the loss of the Bedouin’s traditional livelihoods, the ‘Quabilah' is less able to fulfil all these functions but it still serves as a major source of identity,  psycho-social support and social status. The ‘Bayt' and the ‘Aela' are the basic social and economic unit of the Bedouin society, but the leaders of these units generally form a council of elders, directed by the head of the ‘Quabilah'.The smallest family unit of parents and children and the tribe are closely bound by extensive mutual commitments and obligations, such as ‘Hamula', the bringing of gifts. This social network of the Bedouins is underpinned and maintained by a deeply ingrained system of values and expectations that govern the behaviour and the relationships of the members. In practice, age, religious piety, and personal characteristics such as generosity and hospitality, set some men above others in the organization of the group. The ‘Shaykh' traditionally exercises authority over the allocation of pasture and the arbitration of disputes.His position is usually derived from his own astute reading of the majority opinion. He generally has no power to enforce a decision and therefore has to rely on his moral authority and the concurrence of the community with his point of view. In a  sense, the Bedouins form a number of ‘nations. ‘ That is, groups of families are united by common ancestry and by shared territorial allegiance. The exploitation and defence of their common territorial area is effected through a universally accepted system of leadership.For centuries, these â€Å"nations† of Bedouin tribes and their leaders operated in the ecologically and politically shi fting landscapes of the Middle East and North Africa. Only in the course of the twentieth century has their traditional flexibility and mobility been checked. Factors foreign to their universe have damaged the territorial mainstay of their societies, necessitating the adoption of new bases of identification with their ‘nations' and its leaders. THE KEY VALUES The key values of the Bedouin society are harmony, kinship solidarity, honour  and hierarchy.The Bedouins emphasize cooperation, adaption, accommodation and family cohesion. Individuals are expected to show loyalty and responsibility to the collective, to place its good above their own and to follow the rules and commands of those above them in hierarchy. The Bedouins have a collective attitude to just about everything: work, money, family, feuds; you name it and the Bedouins will take a collective position because of their highly developed sense of community and tribal loyalties. Family comes first, second and third; f or them blood is definitely thicker than water.Their strict code of honour dictates proper behaviour for all members, men, women (see:   MARRIAGE AND FAMILY   ) and  children and to live according to its (many) rules, like a healthy person always stands up  to greet an older person, they  always greet all  starting with the person on their right  hand and moving on against the hands of the clock to the rest, they always start serving the person on their right hand first  (even if this is a child) and then the rest moving against the hands of the clock, etc. Breaking any of these rules means  real trouble.The (semi)nomadic lifestyle  is demanding and that's why the  children are expected to assume a considerable amount of responsibility in order to help their families survive. Although modernization has changed their lifestyle somewhat, emphasis is placed on teaching children to carry on traditional ways of life and the advancement of modern technology is so far not considered important to children’s education. ‘The' Bedouin people are known to be very polite and honest. They prefer not to say bad things or be the bearer of bad news. MARRIAGE Marriage for Bedouins has both religious and social significance.From  an  Islamic perspective, marriage legalizes sexual relations and provides the framework for procreation. From a social perspective, it brings together not only the bride and groom but also their families. Women  are protected in the Bedouin code of honour. A man who is not closely related to a woman is not allowed to touch her in any way, not even so much as to brush his fingers against hers while handing her something. To do so is to dishonour her. Likewise, in some tribes, if a woman brings dishonour to herself, she shames her family because honour is held not by individuals but by the whole family.The loss of a woman's honour, her ‘ird', is extremely serious amongst the Bedouins. Bedouin men and women en joy the freedom of choosing their partner. Nevertheless,parents can put sufficient pressure on their children to arrange their marriage. If there is no father to speak for the girl/woman, a brother or other male relative will speak for her. If a male from the family doesn’t agree with the choice of a spouse for his daughter, sister or even cousin, he is able to stop the wedding according to Bedouin Law.There is an engagement period for about a year or more, during which the Bedouin boy/man can visit the girl/woman at her family (and most rarely they will be alone) where they can talk, share views and expectations and get to know each other. If the engagement  does not work out, the ending of the engagement should be done in a way, that there is no shame or blemish on the other (family). Therefore pressure from parents or family should be handled very careful and tactful. BEDOUIN FAMILY he three-generation extended family is the ideal domestic unit.Although this group, avera ging between nine and eleven persons, may sleep in  more than one tent or in more than one house, its meals are generally taken together. The newly formed nuclear family of husband and wife tends to remain with the larger domestic unit until it has sufficient manpower and a large enough income (herd) to survive on its own. On occasion, a combination of brothers or patrilineal cousins will join forces to form a single domestic unit. Children and infants are raised by the extended family unit.Parents, older siblings, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins all take part in the rearing of the young. By the age of 6 or 7, the child begins to take on simple household tasks and soon thereafter becomes a full working member of the family. Adolescence is hardly recognized; by the early teens, at the age of 16 or 17, the individual is accepted as a full  member of Bedouin society. The Bedouins are patrilineal. Their names consist of a personal name, the father's name,  the agnatic gra ndfather's name and the great grandfather's name.Women retain their name and father's family name unchanged  after marriage. There are distinctive terms for kin on the mother's side and kin on the father's side. All terms indicate the sex of the person designated. The smallest residential unit (‘Bayt') is named after its senior male resident. However, unlike settled peoples,  most Bedouins are also members of larger patrilineal descent groups which are linked by agnation to form even larger lineages and sometimes even tribal confederations. RELIGION AND TRADITIONSThe Bedouins (and Muslims in general) variously believe in ‘Jinn' (the presence of spirits), some playful and others malevolent, that interfere in the life of humans. ‘Hasset' (the envious, evil  eye) is also very real to the Bedouins and children are believed to be particularly vulnerable. For this reason, they often had protective amulets attached to their clothing or hung around their necks. In Is lam the existence of ogresses and monstrous super naturals is postulated, known as ‘Maleika Al Ard' (Kings of the Earth) and Bedouins believe they are sometimes met by lone travellers in the desert.There is no formal clergy in Islam and no centre of ‘priests'. Every Muslim has its own direct relationship with Allah. Bedouin societies have no formal religious specialists. They traditionally arrange for religious specialists, called ‘Shaykh' or ‘Sjeikh', from adjacent settled regions to spend several months a year with them to teach the young to read the Qur’an. A rural or settled religious specialist that Bedouins seek out for curative and preventative measures is called a ‘Gatib'. This is not the same as the ‘Hakim', which is a Bedouin doctor/healer is, who specializes in herbal and traditional healing. ) In addition many Bedouins tend to have ceremonies and rituals including elaborate celebrations of weddings, ritual naming of newborn infa nts and the circumcision of children (boys universally, girls frequently but this is less common nowadays because in the mosque is preached that this is in contradiction with the teachings of the holy Qur'an). According to Islam  Bedouins ritually slaughter a goat or a sheep when a child is born.Bedouins call this ‘Foo-ela' and their family is invited to eat the prepared meat together. Bedouins of southern Sinai who are influenced by Sufism (Islamic mysticism) also celebrate the Prophet's birthday and carry out ‘pilgrimages' to the tombs of (local) saints. They only  worship Allah and these journey's are more important to consolidate the ties to the tribe and the tombs serve as a meeting place. Death and traditions Islamic tradition dictates the practices associated with death. The body is buried as soon as possible and always within 24 hours.Among some Bedouin groups, an effort is made to bury the dead in one place (‘Maghebr'), although often it is impossible to reach it within the strict time limit imposed by Islamic practices. Funeral rites are very simple and Bedouins mark their graves with exeptional simplicity, placing an ordinary stone (or unmarked board) at the head of the grave, where family regularly place a fresh leaf of a palm tree. When they visit the graves, they take off their shoes and say a prayer, after which they sit around the graves and eat fruit.Children playing around the cemetery always get a (sweet) treat from the visitors. Healing HOT SAND BATH They put their selves in the sand when theyfeel pain in their bones or the whole body, to let the sand lick the pain and bad fluids out of the body CAMEL MILK The Bedouins take camel as their friend. They have Camel Milk to cure diseases like Hepatitis C, stomach pain, sexual disability, digestion and immunresistancy. Half il bar are herbs from the desert cleaning the kidneys Handal is a kind of fruit from the desert we put for some time under your heel. It helps against r heumatism.

The Outbreak Of The Civil War - 1047 Words

The Outbreak of the Civil War Trenton Miller The Civil War was a battle for freedom of the people and helped the United States write what was called the constitution. The Civil War was a long and tiring war. There are not many reasons of why there was a war, but the few reasons that there was were the most important in history today.The issue that caused problems in the union, was the argument over the future of slavery. That argument led to withdrawing from the union, and withdrawing caused a war. The Northern and Western states fought to save the Union, while the South fought to create Southern independence as a new confederation of states under its own constitution(causes of the civil war). The cultivated South used slaves to take care of its large plantations and do other jobs. On the night of the Civil War, four million Africans and their families worked extremely hard as slaves in the South. Slavery was interweaved into the Southern economy even though only a small part of the population owned slaves. Slaves could be rented or traded or sold to pay debts. Ownership of dozens and dozens of slaves showed respect and loyalty and also contributed to social position. The property of people and their businesses, showed the largest percentage of the nation’s personal and business wealth, as cotton and land prices went down and the price of slaves went up. The other states of the North, meanwhile, each and every one of them had slowly abolished slavery completely. AnShow MoreRelatedThe Outbreak of the Spanish Civil War1087 Words   |  5 Pagesbe to describe the Republican and Nationalist forces as being evenly balanced at the outbreak of Civil War in 1936? The outbreak of Civil War, in July 1936, was due to the murder of Sotelo by a PSOE supporter on the 13th of July. 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Racism, Race, And Discrimination Essay - 1650 Words

Colonialism Throughout this class, Religion, Race, and Discrimination in America, we have learned how racism came about with many different theories. Religion can be defined as, a belief or worship in a higher power, normally a God or Gods. Race can be defined as social grouping or form of peoplehood that is marked by traits that are perceived to be biologically inherited. (Prentiss Introduction, slide 9) With race and religion people or groups of people can justify the discrimination of others because other groups do not share the same beliefs or traits they do. The theory of racism that will be discussed below is colonialism. Three case studies will be provided to show how colonialism created religious communities in the U.S., racial identities, and the efforts to resist racism. Case Study 1 – El Requerimiento Colonialism can be classified as religious ideologies justified the seizure and confiscation of foreign lands and enslavement of the colonized people. 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Even I am trying to understand the difference between the two words. When individuals think about race the first word that comes to mind is racism, I would think its the same, but it’s not. When exploring the web to differentiate the meaning of these two words, one-word that keeps popping up is â€Å"racism†. The words are so similar which makes this topic difficult to write about, but as my English teacher CoarleeRead MoreSocial Problems Associated With Racial Discrimination1209 Words   |  5 Pagesother races solely because they are different racially and culturally. Body Paragraphs: II: Basic Information on the Issue A: According to Encyclopedia Britannica, race is determined by physical and personality traits, intellect, morality, and culture (â€Å"Racism†). Racial discrimination is discriminating someone based on their race or religion (â€Å"Racism/Color Discrimination†) or prejudice against an individual or group of people of a different race because of the belief that one’s own race is superiorRead MoreRacism And Racism1199 Words   |  5 Pages In the United States there has always been accounts of racism with the most severe being against Black minorities. â€Å"Racism has been described as beliefs, attitudes, and individual and systemic approaches that degrade people based on the color of their skin,† (Graham Roemer, 2016, p. 369). These thoughts and attitudes have dated as far back as the 17th century where Whites heavily discriminate against Blacks because of the color of their skin. In history it has been stated by White Americans that

Leadership Vs. Management Leadership And Management

â€Å"The manager does things right; but the leader does the right thing† is a statement, in which Warren Bennis, author of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further discussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are different. My definition of leadership is someone who takes charge over others and motivates them to follow his or her lead and to be the best that they can be. According to Ernie DiMattia, in his article Leadership vs. Management | Focus on Leadership and Management in the Library Journal, â€Å"a commonly accepted definition of leadership refers to someone who guides or influences others (DiMattia, 2013).† The guidance and influence that a leader has makes others want to follow him or her, and someone in the management position might not always use these actions towards their subordinates. Being a leader is not just having influence over others, it involves someone having a certain style of leadership that makes people want to follow them. Daniel Goleman discusses in his book Primal Leadership the six different styles of leadership, and how â€Å"the most effective leaders canShow MoreRelatedManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who haveRead MoreLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1312 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership vs. Management Nowadays, it is impractical to think of an organization without an effective leader, as well as an active manager. The two are much in common as they are essential in the organizational hierarchy, and they are crucial elements in running any business enterprise. However, there are several differences between the two terms. Based on the definition, leadership means the power and ability of a person to motivate, influence, and enhance members to contribute towards the commonRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership1167 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Management and leadership functions are definitely not one and the same, although they are unavoidably linked together hand and hand. Evidently, it is clear to note that they overlap and compliment one another. Having one without the other no doubt will cause more problems than it solves. Yet the two indefinitely have their major differences. To start, a manager manages tasks and systems, while a leader leads and inspires people. â€Å"The manager’s job is to plan, organizeRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership1184 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership The comparison and differences of traits between leadership and management techniques and styles is like comparing apples and oranges. Leadership should be an asset of management but unfortunately not all managers have leadership qualities A manager is a director, an overseer, someone who dictates employees. A leader is focused on organizing and inspiring people to be entrepreneurs. The role and responsibilities of both leaders and managers in creating and maintainingRead MoreLeadership vs. Management1020 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership vs. Management Much has been written about the difference between management and leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our ever-changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more important to lead than to manage. In todays world the old ways of management no longer work. One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is extreme. Although exciting, the worldRead MoreLeadership vs Management4303 Words   |  18 PagesLeadership vs. Management: What are the Characteristics of a Leader and a Manager Leadership and management are terms that are often used interchangeably in the business world to depict someone who manages a team of people. In reality leadership vs. management have very different meanings. To be a great manager you must understand what it takes to also be a great leader. Leadership vs. Management: Characteristics of a Manager Let s begin by breaking down some key characteristics of a managerRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesMANAGEMENT VS. LEADERSHIP Management and leadership have many similarities, yet there are many differences that separate a manager from a leader. Merriam-Webster defines leadership simply as the office or position of a leader, the capacity to lead, or the act or an instance of leading. They also define manager as a person who conducts business or household affairs, a person whose work or profession is management, or a person who directs a teamÂ… However, Merriam and Webster do notRead More Leadership vs. Management Essay979 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership vs. Management Much has been written about the difference between management and leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our ever-changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more important to lead than to manage. In todays world the old ways of management no longer work. One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is extreme. Although exciting, the worldRead MoreEssay Management vs. Leadership1138 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership The comparison and differences of traits between leadership and management techniques and styles is like comparing apples and oranges. Leadership should be an asset of management but unfortunately not all managers have leadership qualities A manager is a director, an overseer, someone who dictates employees. A leader is focused on organizing and inspiring people to be entrepreneurs. The role and responsibilities of both leaders and managers in creating and maintainingRead MoreStrategic Management vs Leadership3605 Words   |  15 PagesStrategic Leadership vs. Strategic Management: Untying The Gordian Knot Robert M. Murphy, Ph.D. Professor of Management United States Army War College DISCLAIMER This views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the policy or position of the United States War College, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the Department of State, or any agency of the U.S. government. Note from the Author This paper is a work in progress. The purpose of this Leadership Vs. Management Leadership And Management Leadership vs. Management Nowadays, it is impractical to think of an organization without an effective leader, as well as an active manager. The two are much in common as they are essential in the organizational hierarchy, and they are crucial elements in running any business enterprise. However, there are several differences between the two terms. Based on the definition, leadership means the power and ability of a person to motivate, influence, and enhance members to contribute towards the common goal of an organization (Hunt, Hosking Schriesheim, 2013). On the other hand, management comprises of controlling and directing a group of individuals in an entity to harmonize and coordinating that group towards accomplishing the set goals†¦show more content†¦As stated by Batool (2013), through the use of their commitment and charisma, they motivate, excite, and focus on others to excel and solve challenges. On the other hand, management focuses on creating policies, strategies, terms and ideas for smooth operation. Managers empower their team by soliciting their principles, views, and values. They have a notion that this combination reduces or eliminates the inherent risk of an organization, generating the business success. Qualities and Traits of effective Managers and Leaders The following are qualities that make a manager capable. Integrity: In any place, integrity fosters trusts, which in return brings loyalty. As stated by Barry (2015), every manager with loyal staffs has a higher probability of being effective. In the end, there are no conflicts between the manager and the workers, creating a favorable environment for everybody. Empower: Efficient managers allow their subordinates to give all that they can. They establish an atmosphere for success, setting boundaries so that there are opportunities that will challenge the staffs’ abilities, motivating them to find innovative and new ways to do things. Motivation is another trait, where individuals perform their best when they are motivated and happy. Workers in an organization can be motivated by rewards, the prospect of learning new skills, or by the knowledge that their efforts will be recognized. The most productive workersShow MoreRelatedLeadership Vs. Management : Leadership And Management1550 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor of On Becoming a Leader: The Leadership Classic, is best known for, that addresses why there is a difference between Leadership versus Management (Murray, What is the Difference Between Management and Leadership?, 2009). Just like most people, I use â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably because one feels that they are probably the same thing or embody the same characteristics. Further discussion will provide details on what leadership is, what management entails, and why they are differentRead MoreManagement Vs. Leadership : Management And Leadership1061 Words   |  5 Pag esManagement vs. Leadership Introduction Presently many of us have learned that managers are primarily administrators who have learned to write business plans, utilize their resources and keep track of progress. We must learn that we are not limited by job title, and that means we can utilize our management skills in any position that we are in. We must also know that we can use our leadership skills in the same situations. On the other hand we have also learned that leaders are people who haveRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership1167 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership Management and leadership functions are definitely not one and the same, although they are unavoidably linked together hand and hand. Evidently, it is clear to note that they overlap and compliment one another. Having one without the other no doubt will cause more problems than it solves. Yet the two indefinitely have their major differences. To start, a manager manages tasks and systems, while a leader leads and inspires people. â€Å"The manager’s job is to plan, organizeRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership1184 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership The comparison and differences of traits between leadership and management techniques and styles is like comparing apples and oranges. Leadership should be an asset of management but unfortunately not all managers have leadership qualities A manager is a director, an overseer, someone who dictates employees. A leader is focused on organizing and inspiring people to be entrepreneurs. The role and responsibilities of both leaders and managers in creating and maintainingRead MoreLeadership vs. Management1020 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership vs. Management Much has been written about the difference between management and leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our ever-changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more important to lead than to manage. In todays world the old ways of management no longer work. One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is extreme. Although exciting, the worldRead MoreLeadership vs Management4303 Words   |  18 PagesLeadership vs. Management: What are the Characteristics of a Leader and a Manager Leadership and management are terms that are often used interchangeably in the business world to depict someone who manages a team of people. In reality leadership vs. management have very different meanings. To be a great manager you must understand what it takes to also be a great leader. Leadership vs. Management: Characteristics of a Manager Let s begin by breaking down some key characteristics of a managerRead MoreManagement vs. Leadership Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesMANAGEMENT VS. LEADERSHIP Management and leadership have many similarities, yet there are many differences that separate a manager from a leader. Merriam-Webster defines leadership simply as the office or position of a leader, the capacity to lead, or the act or an instance of leading. They also define manager as a person who conducts business or household affairs, a person whose work or profession is management, or a person who directs a teamÂ… However, Merriam and Webster do notRead More Leadership vs. Management Essay979 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership vs. Management Much has been written about the difference between management and leadership. In the past, competent management staffs ran effective companies. In light of our ever-changing world, however, most companies have come to realize that it is much more important to lead than to manage. In todays world the old ways of management no longer work. One reason is that the degree of environmental and competitive change we are experiencing is extreme. Although exciting, the worldRead MoreEssay Management vs. Leadership1138 Words   |  5 PagesManagement vs. Leadership The comparison and differences of traits between leadership and management techniques and styles is like comparing apples and oranges. Leadership should be an asset of management but unfortunately not all managers have leadership qualities A manager is a director, an overseer, someone who dictates employees. A leader is focused on organizing and inspiring people to be entrepreneurs. The role and responsibilities of both leaders and managers in creating and maintainingRead MoreStrategic Management vs Leadership3605 Words   |  15 PagesStrategic Leadership vs. Strategic Management: Untying The Gordian Knot Robert M. Murphy, Ph.D. Professor of Management United States Army War College DISCLAIMER This views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not reflect the policy or position of the United States War College, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, the Department of State, or any agency of the U.S. government. Note from the Author This paper is a work in progress. The purpose of this

Behavior Essay Free Essays

Behavior Essay To Teacher: Shukrya Student Name: Nadeem M7md Grade: 10BB School: ISCS I am writing this essay for Mrs. Shukrya because I acted inappropriately in her class today. Mrs. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavior Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Shukrya has discussed my misbehavior with me and I understand why I have received this disciplinary assignment. I have also been informed that this essay would be the punishment for any unacceptable behavior in Mrs. Shukrya’s class. The reason Mrs. Shukrya does not tolerate misbehavior is because she cares about me and my success in school. It is important to her that I do well in my classes and earn good grades. It is also important to her that I learn study skills, independent work habits, and self-discipline. Self-discipline is one of the most important things I can learn in school; with that skill I can accomplish many things. I need to learn self-discipline so I can act appropriately in class and progress further toward my goals. Acting silly, goofing off, wasting valuable class time, and acting immature are all signs of disrespectful behavior – not only toward Mrs. Shukrya,  but also toward my classmates who are trying to get the most out of their education. Along with self-discipline, respect for others is an extremely important thing to learn. I need to realize that there is a time and place for everything. There are times for fun and times for serious work. Mrs. Shukrya’s class is a time for working hard to make good grades and learn study skills. There will be time for fun later – after school and on the weekends – but in class I need to focus on my schoolwork. It may not seem important to me now, but it will be at some point, and Mrs. Shukrya knows this even if I don’t yet. Acting the correct way in class will show respect to my teacher and my classmates. It will also benefit me on many levels. I won’t have to write this essay again, I’ll learn more in class, I’ll get more homework and studying done, and my grades will improve. However, if I choose to break the rules again, I will have to face the consequences again. That is how life works. How to cite Behavior Essay, Essay examples

Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decisio Essay Example For Students

Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decisio Essay n Making Running head: Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decisio EssayN Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decision Making Critical Thinking and Decision Making Relationship Between Critical Thinking and Decision Making In the corporate environment critical decisions must be made, sometimes quickly, whether because of changes in market conditions, corporate profits, or corporate performances. The decision-making process is vital to good management in todays work environment. This paper will examine the relationship between critical thinking and the decision making process, explain what the textbook authors believe, and relate how both apply to todays workplace. Critical thinking involves the ability to weigh evidence, examine arguments, and construct rational bases for generally accepted beliefs. In order to establish a theoretical basis for studying critical thinking, a great quantity of research has been done. Critical thinking is not only the ability to reason and construct arguments, but also the ability to examine the reasoning processes involved and being able to evaluate their appropriateness and effectiveness. This judgment aspect is what makes critical thinking more than just problem solving. It is not sufficient to be able to apply problem-solving strategies to a particular problem; a true critical thinker must be able to choose appropriate strategies and even create new ones when necessary. In dealing with most complex problems in todays work environment, there may be more than one good answer to a problem. The question then becomes one of picking the best answer; this is called decision-making. Weighing the consequences of these possible solutions based on our understanding of their potential outcomes is the job of the manager. A good manager does not distinguish between critical thinking and decision-making when working. He uses both to arrive at a solution. It is only when analyzing how to come to a specific decision that he must employ critical thinking skills so that he does not allow personal prejudices, emotions, or stress to affect his thinking processes. According to the authors of Whatever It Takes The Realities of Managerial Decision Making, the six steps to critical thinking and decision making are: 1) a problem is defined and isolated, 2) information is gathered, 3) alternatives are set forth, 4) an end is established, 5) means are created to achieve the end, and 6) a choice is made. The authors say when applied in todays business environment, the six steps are mostly ineffective because executive decision-making is not a series of single linier acts. It is the interference of many other factors (such as murky information, poor information input, and multiple problems intersecting) that makes scientific study of real-life decision-making difficult. (McCall Kaplan, 1990, pg xvii xviii) Therefore, the authors suggest case study and specific dissection of past decisions is the best way to learn how to make future decisions. In my field of work (currently training of teaching personnel), decisions must be made as to time management, importance of curriculum vs. methodology, and allocation of skill acquisition importance. In addition, two corporations are my superiors; each with different hierarchies as to who tells me which jobs should be done. My decisions, therefore, must not only be politically correct, but must be ones that make the most people happy. When three different departments from three different divisions ask me to begin a project, someone has to be told to wait. It is at times like these that critical thinking becomes important to justify my decisions when responding to their requests. Critical thinking is used both to justify my decisions and to clarify my thinking. McCall, M. W., Kaplan, R. E. .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .postImageUrl , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:hover , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:visited , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:active { border:0!important; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:active , .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4 .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u064d9b0cd99a0be385c0d79514d5bbc4:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Atomic Bomb Debate Essay (1990). Whatever It Takes The Realities of Managerial Decision Making (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Bibliography: Reference McCall, M. W. , Kaplan, R. E. (1990). Whatever It Takes The Realities of Managerial Decision Making (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. .